Ponúkam vám pôvodný článok (v angličtine), ktorý som našla na internete úplnou náhodou. Rozhodne stojí za to prečítať si o tom ako sa javí náš materinský jazyk cudzincovi.
Ospravedlňujem sa, že som si nedala tú prácu preložiť článok do slovenčiny, ale na druhej strane – originál je originál. 🙂
Nina.
„Which you to use“ (Kaija Swisher, class=“postlink“ href=“http://www.zwire.com“>www.zwire.com)
Citat: „I have certainly enjoyed picking up a new language while living here in Slovakia. I didn’t know it before, but ‚learning a language that fewer than 6 million people speak‘ was on my list of things to do before I die. Though entirely different from English, it certainly has easier grammatical rules that always hold true.
One of the most difficult things for me to remember is the difference between the vycat‘ and the tycat‘, essentially the two different versions of the word you that could mean the difference between flattering or terribly offending someone.
The vycat‘ is used in formal situations for people of higher authority, older age, etc. However, the trick is that it is also used as the plural form of you. The tycat‘, or ty, is used between friends, family and in informal situations. It also only refers to one person. I am hoping you are starting to see the problem here, as we don’t really have something similar to this in English. The other tricky part of this rule is that the vycat‘ affects everything, even saying hello. So when I first arrived, and tried to just say „Ahoj!“ (hello) to a group of people, they would look at each other wondering which one person I had just greeted. If I want to greet a group, I must use the vycat‘ form of the greeting: „Ahoj’te!“ Yet when I address a group of small children with the vycat‘, everyone smiles and says I don’t need to address them formally; but I am only trying to follow the rules about groups. It can get confusing.
Where I live and work, I see mostly young people, or people who are now good friends, so I only use the tycat‘ to address a person. This gets me into trouble when I bump into someone at the grocery store and try to say sorry using the informal word. However, lucky for my terrible American accent, people are pretty forgiving, praising me for even knowing the tycat‘ form of the words. They figure if I am willing to learn Slovak, they can be a little lenient about the rules. But if a Slovak were to use the tycat‘ in a situation that required the vycat‘, it would be very rude and offensive.
The same is true the other way; if someone you know has become close enough to ask if together you can use the tycat‘, and suddenly starts using the vycat‘, it is a sign something bad has happened in your relationship and you are no longer so close. It is seemingly vague signal, but very obvious to the native Slovak speaker. Because I am used to using the tycat‘, I am also used to hearing it, so when someone addresses me in the vycat‘, which is an entirely different verb form, it takes me a moment to comprehend what they are saying. I am the one who had trouble answering to ‚Miss Swisher‘ when I was student teaching, the one who sometimes forgets and calls complete strangers terms of endearment, the one who assumes everyone is my close friend … so this all paired together makes it hard to remember to use the vycat‘ when I need it, and to understand it when it is directed at me.
I find it interesting, though, that they use the tycat‘ to address Boh (God) when praying, though they do use the polite address of Pane, which literally translates to Sir, or Lord. Pan is Mr., Panni Mrs. and Slecna Miss, though children and young people call most older people teta (aunt) or ujo (uncle), with or without first or last names.
It caught me off-guard the first time children called me Teta or Teta Kaija, but now it is quite charming. And don’t think that because there are formal and informal versions of the word you that Slovaks are stuffy people – I’ve never met people who do so much well-wishing in my life. Just from New Year’s I have enough wishes of health, blessings, peace, love, happiness, luck, all the best,etc., etc., etc.to last me way beyond my life.
In the same sense, anytime you eat, and I do mean anytime, you will hear the words Dobru chut! which literally translate to good taste, but mean enjoy your meal. When they ask me how to say this phrase in English and I say the Italian or German phrases for good appetite, they laugh and say, no, seriously-what is it in English? and when I tell them we don’t really have a phrase that we say each time we eat, they stare at me as if I have just sent the cutest puppy on earth sailing across the room with my foot. They are incredulous and wonder why we don’t want to tell each other to have a good meal. I had never really thought about it before, but it still makes me smile every time I hear the phrase. Even if it is from a complete stranger when I am biting into a candy bar as I wait for the train.
Na zdravie (to your health) is the way to say Cheers when making a toast, but it also the reply to thank you if it is something given, like food or a ride or clothing, that literally they want to wish you for your health. Yes, the Slovaks want only the best for everyone.
Another common phrase is, „____ pozdravuje,“ or „Pozdrav _____“ which mean So-and-so greets you, or Greet so-and-so. Again, this happens regularly with people I have seen just 20 minutes before. I will run into another friend and she will tell me that he just called her and he greets me. Wow! Incredible. Learning the language has certainly given me better insight into the culture and into the people who live here in this beautiful country. And even if I screw up the tycat‘ and vycat‘ sometimes, I know they will still wish me Dobre den! (good day) and pozdrav me. And I thank Pan Boh for that.
I wish you na zdravie! as I enjoy my Kofola, the Slovak cola pride!
Kaija Swisher, a graduate of Spearfish High School and Augustana College, is currently serving as a Young Adult in Global Mission Volunteer through the ELCA for one year in Slovakia. Contact Kaija at href=“mailto:keswish@gmail.com“>keswish@gmail.com.“
Rada by som si ten clanok od (Kaiju alebo Kaiji) precitala, keby mi moje znalosti anglictiny nanho stacili. Pousiluj sa a preloz ho, nemozes predsa cakat, ze vsetci Slovaci, ktori tu komunikuju, ho budu rozumiet. . . . A ked budes namietat, ze skoda stracat cas s tupcami, tak ti mozem povedat, ze hovorim plynule 2 jazyky.
Bublinka, tu neide o to ci skoda stracat cas s tupcami, alebo nie, ale skratka, ja to uzasne citat to v anglictine , ai by to nebolo nejak obzvlast smiesne v nemcine, lebo ti maju vykania, ja si myslim, ze clanok je unikatny, napisala som to aj Kaiji a bola rada, ze sa to pacilo. Sorry, musis dostudovat anglictinu, aby si sa zamiala.
no, tak ani ja sa zasmiat nemozem…moje znalosti anglictiny tak daleko nesiahaju…a inac, pre mna je to polovicna praca a polovicna praca pre mna znamena ziadna praca…nepisem to zlostne, nie som ani urazena, ale myslim si, ze by to malo byt prisposobene pre vsetkych…alebo navstiv anglicky pisane stranky pre slovakov..
Len tak bezne:
Ten clanok je skor zaujimavy pre anglicanov, nez slovakov.
Kaija v nom opisuje pouzivanie slov Ty a Vy.
Kedze v anglictine sa to nepouziva, tak to bolo pre nu velmi divne.
Presne tak ako bolo divne pre ostatnych, ked sa ucia anglicky a nase 2 slova (Ty a Vy) su nahradene iba jednym YOU.
Dalej sa cudovala, ze pred kazdym jedlom si ludia povedia „Dobru chut!“.
Ked sa jej opytali, ako sa to povie v anglictine, odpovedala po taliansky Good appetite. Ked im povedala, ze v anglictine sa to nepouziva, tak na nu vyplestili oci ako keby prave kopla do najmilsieho steniatka na svete a preletelo cez izbu.
Tiez sa jej paci, ze slovaci zelaju vsetkym len to dobre. Aj v tom pripade, ked sa pomyli a zacne tykat komu sa nepatri, stale jej zazelaju Dobry den.
PS:
V anglictine sa tiez zdravi Dobry den, ako sa mas? (pritom to nikoho nezaujima).
Ked sa niekomu, chce tak to moze aj doslovne prelozit. Mne sa nechce.
no, uz sa usmievam:):):)
inac, existuje kniha PAN KAPLAN MA TRIDU STALE RAD, na autora si zial nespomeniem, ale je to jedna z knih, ktore som citala viackrat..napisal ju nejaky american,ja som ju citala v cestine, ale je prelozena do viacerych jazykov je to kniha o cudzincoch zijuci v amerike a navstevujuci vecerny kurz anglictiny popri zamestnani…dej sa odohrava len na vyucovani , niektori ziaci ako pan kaplan tu triedu navstevuju uz niekolko rokov, lebo maju roblemy s recou…ide tam hlavne o hlasky, komolenie slov, nedorozumenia..proste..ako sa cudzinci ucia cudziu rec…ako si vykladaju vyznam slov a pod…stoji za to si to precitat, clovek sa nasmeje a spomenie si aj na seba:):):)
nina, pekny clanok 🙂 neviem perfekt po anglicky, tak som bola rtada, ze som tomu porozumela. mne tu bolo divne, ze tu si nevykaju, ale onikaju 🙂 ale v rozdielnych situaciach, som tu uz tolko rokov a este sa niekedy musim pytat priatelov – mam tomu panovi tykat alebo vykat? 🙂 je to zvlastne, ako ma kazda rec nieco ine. v anglictine narpiklad tie cleny – no naco su? da sa dobre dohovorit aj bez. ako aj v spanielsice. ved ked poviem „mujer“ alebo „la mujer“ je to jasne, ze je to zena, nech sa pozeras, ako sa pozeras. ja si myslim, ze ta kaija len pekne opisala svoje pocity a pozorovania. tak by sme mohli pisat hadam vsetci, co pozname iny jazyk okrem materinskeho. ja sa tu smejem sama zo seba, ked chem nieco doslova prelozit. niekedy z toho vyjde pekna somarina 🙂
bublinka – ked vies tie ine dva jazyky, tiez urcite v noch najdes nejake take zaujimavosti. ale hlavne si nenadavaj do tupcov, tu o to neslo, ale v anglictine to vyznie fajn. nestalo sa ti, ze si chcela prelozit slovensky vtip a vysiel z toho trapas? ja sa uz o to ani nesnazim….
Anglictina ocami Slovaka:
Dnes som si potrebovala najst jedno synonymum a tak som klikala klikala a klikala (right klick) a prisla som k takejto zaujimavosti.
Shy (hanblivy, tichy)= retiring
retiring = reserved
reserved = engaged
engaged = busy
busy = hectic
hectic =wild
wild =divy, blaznivy, nekultivovany
a to spomeniem este, ze reserved = zajednany, engaged = zasnubeny, busy = aktivny, hectic = pomyleny……a vela dalsich vyznamov.
Takze nie len ONI su pomyleni z nasho jazyka, ale aj MY mame niekedy problemy sa v tom ich jazyku vyznat.
🙂
Ta zenska, co to pisala, neovlada prespokladam ziadnu inu rec okrem anglictiny. Lebo nech sa zacne ucit hocijaku inu svetovu, ci europsku rec, tykanie a vykanie tam existuje. Ona sa cuduje nad tykanim a vykanim, ja sa cudujem nad jej neznalostou cudzich reci. Lebo kolko reci vies, tolkokrat si clovekom. Keby vedela aspon jednu, uz vy ju nejake tykanie-vykanie nevyvadzalo z miery.
podla mna to s porozumenim neni az take tazke…vsetko sa odvija od situacie v kt. sa nachadzate plus rolu tam hra aj mimika, a celkovo neverbalna komunikacia…a urcite sa nesnazim porozumiet resp. prelozit si vsetko doslovne bo je to hovadina…skor treba chapat veci v kontexte a urcite veci / jasne..nie vsetko sa takto da / proste domysliet…napr. v robote pri praci si urcite nepomylim slovicko busy ako zaneprazdneny a busy ako engaged…takze len tolko.
To Ikke
…kolko reci vies, tolkokrat si clovekom…
zaujimavy citat 😉
Kolko krat je clovekom; A) american, ovladajuci len anglictinu, B) obyvatel Zambie ovladajuci 3 jazyky miestnych kmenov, C) slovak hovoriaci cesky a slovensky
Ak sa american zacne ucit portugalsky, tak je to zbytocne strata casu (ak si ovsem v tom nelibuje), ja byt takym americanom, radsej by som venovala cas niecomu inemu (modelarstvu, saxafonu, bilologii…) co by som rada robila, keby som nemusela stracat cas ucenim sa anglictiny.
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Pekny skutok si urobila Nina ked si sa s nami podelila o tento clanok. Hoci Ta tu kritizuju co je zname ze bez toho by sa tu nezaobislo, ved iny kraj iny mrav a na to ze vieme zavidiet a kritizovat inych to je nas national sport by the way.
Hlavu hore a nedaj sa ovplyvnit takym nic ako pan-i anonym s chorymi prispevkami.
Prajem Vam vsetkym pekny den.
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